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Gerry
Dean
Editorial 

What is Proofreading?

By Darina Mayfield 

Editors Canada defines a proofreader as someone who is tasked with examining material after layout or in its final format to correct errors in textual and visual elements. The material may be read in isolation or against a previous version. A proofreader checks work after editing (i.e., after the developmental editing and copyediting passes); proofreading is not a substitute for editing. In general, a proofreader checks for the following:

Content

  • No text missing or repeated

​Spelling and Capitalization

  • Proper nouns, common words, special terms, trademarks, brand names properly spelled / capitalized 

  • Abbreviations, shortened forms properly spelled / capitalized; defined on first use 

  • Proper capitalization following a colon  

​Punctuation

  • No punctuation missing, duplicated, or misplaced 

  • Apostrophes used only for possessives or missing letters, not plurals

  • Apostrophes and quotation marks face the correct way 

  • Parentheses, brackets, quotation marks always in pairs (opening and closing)

  • Spacing around em dashes and ellipses consistent 

Hyphenation

  • Words correctly hyphenated 

  • Correct word division (end-of-line hyphenation)

  • No hyphen stacks (more than 2-3 consecutive lines ending in hyphens or dashes)

Word and Line Spacing 

  • Words separated by only one space

  • End punctuation, commas followed by only one space 

  • No orphans or widows (too-short line at end of paragraph or beginning of page)

  • No tight or loose lines (no “rivers”)

  • Pleasing rag in rag-right copy

Titles and Headers / Footers

  • Alignment of and spacing above/below titles, subtitles, headings consistent 

  • Title, subtitles, headings, running headers / footers properly spelled / capitalized

  • Verso (left) running headers / footers give document or chapter title 

  • Recto (right) running headers / footers give chapter or section title 

Numbering 

  • Sequence correct (consecutive) for chapters, pages, figures 

  • Form (Arabic vs. Roman numerals) consistent

Table of Contents Cross-check 

  • Entries exactly match wording and level of headings in document 

  • Page numbers for entries match document (if applicable)

Images

  • Images match surrounding text, are high resolution, and include caption and credit information

  • Tables are logical and have no typos  

Gerry Dean Editorial offers proofreading services. Contact us today to learn more.  

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